宅基地“三权分置”中资格权的法理反思与实践检视

Reflections on the“Separation of Three Rights”of Homestead——Based on Qualification Right

宅基地“三权分置”,是党中央稳妥推进并扩大农村宅基地制度改革试点的重要政策抓手,也是各试点地区积极探索农村宅基地制度改革的重要依循路径,但有关宅基地“三权分置”中资格权问题,存在宅基地资格权派生逻辑之争、宅基地资格权法律属性之争、宅基地资格权权能内容之争、宅基地资格权取得标准之争等诸多争议。欲消弭这诸多争议,取得共识,需要厘清资格与资格权之法理关系,准确把握宅基地资格权之生成逻辑,合理界定其法律属性,审慎廓清其权能内容,科学界定其判断标准,对此,还需要对照各地区宅基地“三权分置”改革试点进行实践检视。由此,既可有助于澄清理论与实践中的认识偏差,也有助于进一步推进宅基地“三权分置”制度改革实践,进而助力乡村振兴战略的顺利实施。

The“Separation of Three Rights”(the ownership rights,qualification rights,and use rights for rural land designated for housing)of homestead is an important policy and a way for the Party Central Committee to carry out the political reform of the rural homestead system.However,as for the qualified rights of homestead,controversies appear over the generated logic,the legal attributes,the powers and functions,the standard of gain,etc.To settle these controversies,the following should be addressed:the clarification of the relationship between qualification and qualification right,the accurate comprehension of the generated logic,the reasonable definition of the legal attribute,the prudential clearance of its powers and capacities,and the scientific definition of its standard.In this regard,it is necessary to conduct a practical review of the pilot reform of“Separation of Three Rights”in various regions.As a result,it is not only possible to understand the difference between theory and practice,but also helpful to further promote the practice of reforming the system of“Separation of Three Rights”of homesteads,thus promoting the smooth implementation of the strategy for rural revitalization.