再论“颠倒”问题——基于唯物辩证法的形成史视角

Re-discussion on the Problem of“Inversion”:Based on the Historical Perspective of Materialist Dialectics

近年来,关于“颠倒”比喻的研究,学者们主要采用三种研究方式:一是以唯物辩证法的主要内容为依托展开研究,二是以马克思主义哲学的理论旨趣和重大使命为视角进行考察,三是以黑格尔的思想体系为参照进行对比研究。而从唯物辩证法的形成发展历程看,马克思对黑格尔辩证法的“颠倒”其实是一段渐进改造的创新过程,其首先吸收和发展了费尔巴哈的唯物主义和人本主义思想以批判黑格尔辩证法中的神秘方面,然后又借助改造过的辩证法来克服费尔巴哈的形而上学和直观性。对“颠倒”比喻的理解理应遵照马克思本人想要表达的含义,既不能将其简单地理解为位置调换,也不能将其呆板地看作是剥去果皮留下果核的过程。“颠倒”是一个如同更改雕塑一般充满创新性的创造过程。

In recent years,scholars have mainly adopted three research methods for the exploration of the problem of“inversion”:the first is to carry out research based on the main content of materialist dialectics;the second is to investigate from the perspective of the theoretical interest and major mission of Marxist philosophy;the third is to compare with Hegel’s ideological system.From the perspective of the formation and development of materialist dialectics,Marx’s“inversion”of Hegel’s dialectics is actually a historical process of gradual transformation.It first absorbed and developed Feuerbach’s materialism and humanism to criticize black.The mysterious aspect of Geer’s dialectics was then used to overcome Feuerbach’s metaphysics and intuition with the aid of modified dialectics.The understanding of the metaphor of“inversion”should follow the ideas that Marx himself wants to express.“Inversion”is not a simple position change,nor is it a rigid peeling of the peel and a pit,but an innovative creative process like modifying a sculpture.