理想别墅的追问:帕拉第奥圆厅别墅形态和历史复杂性探究

Exploring an Ideal Villa:Form and Historical Complexity of Palladio’s Villa Rotonda

位于意大利北部维琴察郊外的圆厅别墅是安德烈亚·帕拉第奥的一件代表性建筑作品。长期以来,圆厅别墅以其完美的正方形和圆形嵌套的组合形态、四面放射状的希腊式门廊和中心罗马式穹顶圆厅而著称于世,成为帕拉第奥理想别墅设计的典型范例,而帕拉第奥在其重要著作《建筑四书》中对该建筑的介绍更使得其影响广泛而持久。时至今日,应该如何以历史的眼光解读这座理想别墅?其看似完美的建筑外观之下隐藏着怎样复杂的形态和历史状况?本文试图从环境景观、形态渊源、几何特征及形态复杂性等角度,对以上问题进行深入解读和探究。

The Villa Rotonda,located on the outskirts of Vicenza in northern Italy,is a representative work of Andrea Palladio.The building is famous for its combination of a perfect square and circular structure alongside with its Greek loggias protruding on all four sides and its central Roman-style dome.As the ideal type of centralized building,it has become an iconic example of Palladio’s ideal villas,and Palladio’s introduction to the building in his I quattro libri dell'architettura makes it even more influential.However,how to read this ideal villa historically?And what complex forms and historical conditions are hidden beneath the perfect architectural form.This paper attempts to make a profound interpretation and exploration of these questions from the perspectives of environmental landscape,geometric characteristics,and morphological origin and complexity.