重塑与新生:帕拉第奥的威尼斯水上教堂

Remodelling and Rebirth:Palladio’s Floating Churches in Venice

帕拉第奥在威尼斯的圣乔治·马焦雷教堂(San Giorgio Maggiore)和威尼斯救主堂(Il Redentore)被称为具有先锋意义的教堂建筑。圣乔治·马焦雷教堂建于1565年左右,是本笃会的修道院。威尼斯救主堂则因为威尼斯的瘟疫,始建于1577年左右。两者均在建筑师去世后完成,但都兼具了古罗马神庙和中世纪基督教教堂的特点。本文通过对原始资料的阅读和梳理,并结合实地调查,从三方面展开讨论。第一,两座教堂的选址反映出对威尼斯特殊的地理位置、运河景观和圣马可广场的呼应,并成为圣马可湾“剧场”意象的组成部分;第二,对比两座教堂不同的功能和观看方式,分析其立面表达的异同;第三,对比两座教堂与罗马耶稣教堂(Il Gesù)的立面处理和室内空间关系,总结帕拉第奥教堂建筑的范式。

Andrea Palladio’s San Giorgio Maggiore and Il Redentore,both located in Venice,Italy,are known as pioneering church buildings.San Giorgio Maggiore was built around 1565 as a Benedictine monastery.Il Redentore was built around 1577 in thanksgiving for deliverance from the plague.Both were completed after the death of Palladio,and both show characteristics of ancient Roman temples and medieval churches.Through the reading of historical documents,combined with field investigation,this paper explores three aspects of their design.First,their location reflects the geography of Venice(the lagoon landscape and the Piazza San Marco/St.Mark’s Square)and creates a“theater”image of St.Marco’s Bay.Second,the paper compares the different functions and viewing modes of the two churches,and analyzes the similarities and differences in the expression of their facades.Third,the paper contrasts the relationship between inside(interior space)and outside(façade design)of the two churches with that of Il Gesùin Rome,to identify and describe them as paradigms of Palladian church architecture.