中国学者视野中敦煌与波斯关系研究现状与展望

A Review of Chinese Scholarship on the Relation between Dunhuang and Persia

学界研究揭示的敦煌与波斯关系表现在艺术、器物、人物、服饰、医药、饮食、宗教、天文等诸多方面,既有萨珊波斯至后萨珊波斯长时段迁移传播的线性脉络,也有极为复杂的广泛横向联系。萨珊波斯构建的人神秩序图像化表现形式依稀见于敦煌多元文化形态中,包括后萨珊波斯与粟特等。

DResearch on the cultural influences of artistic styles,vessels,images,customs,medicine,food, religion, and astronomyreveals that ancient Dunhuang and Persia maintained consistent contact from the Sasanian to post-Sasanian period in Persia;that migration of peoples between the two locations was fairly common;and that the relationship between the two societies has as much synchronic depth as diachronic length. Persian culture took root in a multi-culturalregion and developed a complicated visual culture that combined diverse themes and many different styles of images. Persian culture is further characterized by a hierarchical mixture of human and divine worlds that is structured by religious ideology. A similar composition of visual styles and imagistic polyphony can be observed in Buddhist culture, which includes a diverse range of images,customs and decorative motifs, as well as a conception of the human and divine worlds as being deeply interconnected. These cultural similarities are frequently identified as Sogdian in origin, though the historical relationship between the two societies is actually more complicated.Recent comparative studies have shown that the cultural influences from Persia, namely Sasanian and post-Sasanian culture, are far richer than previously assumed.