博古学研究与欧洲近代早期自然史的复兴探析

Antiquarianism and the Revival of Early Modern European Natural History

博古学者对史料的搜集和整理,为后世史学家的深入研究提供材料,并使古希腊、古罗马时期探究事物的根本方法,即自然史在近代欧洲再次盛行。随着自然史的复兴,历史研究开始对知识本身有更深刻的诉求。博古学者借用自然史的方法,质疑古代作品的真实性,将实物史料中蕴含的经验知识纳入历史研究的范畴。学者们提高了对事实的敏感度,想象和虚构也变得不再容易,开始与古典史学那种修辞、演讲的功用有了明显的区分。

The collection and sorting of historical materials by antiquaries provides materials for the in-depth study of later generations of historians,and enables the fundamental method of exploring things in ancient Greece and ancient Rome,that is,natural history once again to prevail in modern Europe.With the revival of natural history,historical research began to have a deeper demand for knowledge itself.Antiquaries use the method of natural history to question the authenticity of ancient works,and incorporate the empirical knowledge contained in historical materials into the category of historical research.Scholars have become more sensitive to facts,imagination and fiction have become no longer easy,and they have begun to be clearly distinguished from the functions of rhetoric and speech in classical history.