在解决物理问题过程中培养学生“去理想化”思维习惯——以一个有趣的静电场问题为例

Cultivating Students′Thinking Habit of De-idealization in the Process of Solving Physical Issues--Taking an Interesting Electrostatic Field Issues as an Example

物理教学离不开理想化模型的建构,简化的理想模型能够帮助中学生在现有知识层面的基础上,更好地理解相关知识并解决问题.但是在实际物理问题中,如果不充分考虑理想化条件,学生在解决问题时就容易产生认知矛盾,不知所措.以一个有趣的静电场问题为例,揭示理想化模型的局限性,强调“去理想化”思维习惯的重要性.探讨分析了教师如何帮助学生打破思维定势,让其对已掌握的物理知识活学活用,培养学生严谨的科学思维.

Physics teaching is inseparable from the construction of an ideal model.A simplified ideal model can help middle school students better understand relevant knowledge and solve problems on the basis of existing knowledge.However,in actual physics problems,if idealized conditions are not fully considered,students are prone to cognitive contradictions when solving problems,and they are at a loss as to what to do.This article takes an interesting electrostatic field problem as an example,reveals the limitations of idealized models,and emphasizes the importance of"de-idealized"thinking habits.Discussed and analyzed how teachers can help students break the stereotype of thinking,let them learn and use the physics knowledge they have mastered,and cultivate students′rigorous scientific thinking.