低地板车辆永磁电机的电磁噪声优化研究

Research on Electromagnetic Noise Optimization of Permanent Magnet Motor for Low Floor Vehicle

针对低地板车辆自主永磁电机存在噪声过大、声品质差的问题,开展了实际线路中低速运行的振动噪声测试及特性分析,从IGBT开关频率、控制模式等方面解析自主永磁电机噪声与自主牵引系统控制的关联关系,试验测试验证了噪声优化控制方案的可行性。研究结果表明:自主牵引系统的IGBT开关频率低,Bang-Bang控制的直接转矩控制48阶次电磁力波的噪声成分体现为尖锐的叫声;采用空间矢量脉宽调制时,IGBT开关频率对自主永磁电机和车内电磁噪声的影响较大;采用Bang-Bang控制的直接转矩控制时,IGBT开关频率对自主永磁电机和车内电磁噪声的影响较小;采用空间矢量脉宽调制与合适的IGBT开关频率可提高自主永磁电机的噪声水平,为提高低地板车辆自主牵引系统声品质提供指导。

Aiming at the problems of excessive noise and poor sound quality of autonomy permanent magnet motor for low floor vehicle,the vibration and noise test and characteristic analysis of actual line running at medium and low speed were carried out.The relationship between autonomy permanent magnet motor noise and autonomy traction system control was analyzed from IGBT switching frequency and control mode.The experimental test verified the feasibility of noise optimization control scheme.The results showed that the switching frequency of IGBT in autonomy traction system was low,and the noise component of 48 order electromagnetic force wave in direct torque control based on Bang-Bang control was a sharp sound.In the case of space vector pulse width modulation,IGBT switching frequency had a great influence on the electromagnetic noise of autonomy permanent magnet motor and vehicle interior.In the case of direct torque control based on Bang-Bang control,the influence of IGBT switching frequency on the electromagnetic noise of autonomy permanent magnet motor and vehicle interior was small.The noise level of autonomy permanent magnet motor could be improved by using space vector pulse width modulation and appropriate IGBT switching frequency,which could provide guidance for improving the sound quality of autonomy traction system of low floor vehicles.