细菌生物被膜基质的研究进展

A brief review of biofilm matrix in structured microbial communities

细菌生物被膜(biofilm)附着在生物或者非生物表面,由细菌及其分泌的糖、蛋白质和核酸等多种基质组成的细菌群落,是造成病原细菌持续性感染、毒力和耐药性的重要原因之一。细菌的生物被膜基质由复杂的胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)构成,影响生物被膜的结构和功能。本文阐述细菌生物被膜2种类型EPS的主要结构及功能,包括细胞表面基质蛋白和胞外成分,重点分析EPS基质的物理特性和化学特性,及其生物被膜在细菌毒力中发挥的作用,探讨基于EPS的多靶点和联合控制生物被膜策略,为深入揭示细菌结构性群落的生物被膜形成机制和控制技术提供理论支撑。

Bacterial biofilm is a structured community of microbial cells attached to biological or non-biological surfaces,which is composed of bacteria cells and their extracellular polymeric substances(EPS),including exopolysaccharides,protein,nucleic acid.Biofilms become one of the important causes of persistent infection,virulence and antimicrobial tolerance of pathogenic microorganisms.The biofilm matrix,as complex extracellular polymers,affect the structure and functional properties of biofilms.This article describes the composition and functions of two major categories of EPS,including cell surface components and extracellular components from some pathogenic bacteria.The physical and chemical properties of EPS matrixs and their roles in the biofilm virulence were mainly focused.Control strategies of biofilm matrix via multitargeted sites are also discussed.The aim of this review will provide theoretical support to explore biofilm forming mechanism and combating technologies in bacterial structured community.