现行土地制度对我国城市化进程的制约及因应之策

The Constraints of the Current Land System on China’s Urbanization Process and the Corresponding Solutions

中国的城市化水平和速度主要受到一系列城乡二元制度的制约。土地制度是其中最为重要的制约,它主要通过土地产权、土地流转、土地征收、土地资源配置方式等实现对土地与劳动力的重组,从而影响人口城市化和土地城市化,进而影响整个城市化进程。我国现行土地制度因存在农村集体土地产权主体模糊、收益权残缺,土地流转限制条件多、流转费用高,征地范围宽、征地补偿标准偏低,城市住宅用地占比过低、建设用地供应与人口流向错配等问题,抑制了城市化进程。为实现城市化的健康发展,须扎实推进农村集体土地产权制度改革,保障农民土地财产权利;完善土地流转制度,扩大土地流转范围;深化征地制度改革,维护农民合法权益;改革土地资源配置方式,优化土地资源配置。

The level and speed of urbanization in China are mainly constrained by a series of urban-rural dualistic systems.The land system is one of the most important constraint systems,which mainly realizes the reorganization of land and labor through land property rights,land transfer,land expropriation,and land resource allocation methods,thus affecting population urbanization and land urbanization,and thus the urbanization process as a whole.The current land system in China inhibits the urbanization process due to the ambiguity of the subject of rural collective land property rights and the lack of land usufruct,the many restrictions on land transfer and high transfer costs,the wide scope of land expropriation and low compensation standards for land expropriation,the low proportion of urban residential land,and the mismatch between the supply of construction land and population flow.In order to realize the healthy development of urbanization,it is necessary to solidly promote the reform of rural collective land property rights system to guarantee farmers’land property rights;improve the land transfer system to expand the scope of land transfer;deepen the reform of land expropriation system to safeguard farmers’legitimate rights and interests;reform the land resource allocation method to optimize the allocation of land resources.