清代前期陕甘地区治理体系的变革与重构--以卫所裁并为中心

The Reform and Reconstruction of the Governance System of the Northwest in the Early Qing Dynasty—Centering on the Abolition of the Guarding Post

裁并卫所、设立府县,是清代前期陕甘地区治理体系变革与重构的重要内容,该举措使陕甘地区由“边疆”走向“中心”。它历经顺治、康熙、雍正、乾隆四朝,遇到了诸如民族、赋役等不同于他地的新问题新挑战。清政府因俗而治、因地制宜,有效化解了因改革带来的“阵痛”。虽然清政府保留了参治于卫所中的土司,并在裁并的同时,还增设了新的卫所,但最终完成了对陕甘地区治理体系的重构,使得中央对陕甘地区的治理进入一个新阶段,奠定了今天陕甘地区的行政建制格局,打破了当地社会的二元制结构,促进了社会整合,推动陕甘地区融入王朝国家,铸牢了中华民族共同体意识。

Abolition of the guarding post and establishment of the prefecture and county were important parts of the reform and reconstruction of the governance system of the northwest in the early Qing Dynasty.After the four dynasties of Shunzhi,Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong,it encountered new problems,such as nationality,taxes and corvee,which were different from other places.It also managed according to customs and local conditions,and retained the local chieftains.At the same time,the central government established some new guarding posts.The reconstruction of the governance system marked that the central government had entered a new stage in the governance of the northwest region,which had laid down the administrative system pattern of the northwest region today,broken the dual system structure of the local society,and promoted the final integration of the guarding post community into the local society.