“乡下人”的出路在哪里--对卡夫卡寓言《法的门前》的侨易学再解读

Where is the Way out for “the Man from the Country”--A Reinterpretation of Kafka’s Parable “Before the Law” by the Light of Kiao-Iology

谜一样的现代经典寓言《法的门前》是卡夫卡最重要的短篇作品,从其问世以来的一百年间,引起了国际学界和文学爱好者的广泛兴趣和争论。在参考了已有的各种研究成果基础之上,笔者认为这是一部宗教寓言作品,并以此为立足点深度剖析了“法”与“乡下人”在犹太教文化背景下的指涉寓意,进而引进侨易学中的“二元三维”概念,详细论述了这两种不同层级秩序下带来的不同世界图景,以及各自对认识者所产生的深远影响。在这篇寓言中,“二元”秩序就是从认识者和行动者的纯主观愿望出发,去认识世界并积极行动以图获得救赎;“三维”秩序则是从事情本身出发,对世界保持着开放的心态去从容地生活,因而免除了前者的焦虑与苦恼。由于卡夫卡对于“二元”的局限与“三维”的可能性存在着一定程度上的认识不足,使得他终身陷于重重交织的矛盾纠缠和精神撕裂之中,并和他笔下痛苦挣扎的主人公一样,抱着绝望去希望。

The modern parable“Before the Law”with enigmatic plot content and narrative structure is Kafka’s most important short work.In the 100years since its publication,it has attracted a wide range of international academics and literary lovers.Based on reference to various existing research results,the author of this article tends to think that this is a religious parable.Based on this,he deeply analyzes the meaning of“law”and“the man from the country”in the context of Jewish culture.Involved in meaning and introduced the concept of“two-dimensional and three-dimensional”in the study of Kiao-Iology,and discussed in detail the different world views brought about by these two different levels of order and the profound impact of each on the knowers.In this parable,the“dual”order starts from the purely subjective wishes of the knower and the actor to understand the world and take active actions to get salved;the“three-dimensional”order starts from the matter itself and maintains the world with an open mind to live calmly,thus eliminating the anxiety and distress of the former.Because of Kafka’s inadequate understanding of the leap from“dual”to“three-dimensional”,he was trapped in the intertwined conflicts and spiritual tears all his life,just like his struggling protagonist,holding despair to hope.This defect also prevented him from entering the world of German classicism represented by Goethe and Schiller and fully appreciating the essence of classicism.