植物生长调节剂在中药材生产中的应用进展

Application Progress of Plant Growth Regulator in Production of Chinese Medicinal Materials

植物生长调节剂(PGR)多为一类具有类似植物激素生理活性的化学合成物质,能通过调控光合、呼吸、信号传导、气孔开闭、蒸腾、物质吸收及运转等一系列生理过程,进而促进细胞伸长生长、诱导维管分化或加速组织衰老。PGR具有用量小、效益高、毒性低和残留少等优势,在中药材种植业中被广泛应用。通过查阅近年来发表的相关文献,简要归纳PGR的主要种类,如生长素类、赤霉素类、细胞分裂素类、脱落酸类及乙烯类等;分析总结PGR在中药材生产中的具体应用,如促进种子萌发、诱导扦插生根、提高结实率或坐果率、矮化植株、抑制生殖生长、调控性别分化、催落果实和增强抗逆性等;指出PGR实际应用过程中存在的问题,如不区分特定种类、不合理搭配使用、不注重施用方式、随意增大剂量、缺乏残留限量标准与降低某些药效成分含量等;提出可行性建议,如合理规范选用适宜种类PGR及施用浓度、剂量、时期等,同时还应该关注PGR对植物生长发育和药用器官中有效成分的双重影响,在确保中药材质量基础上提高产量,避免药效成分流失。加强PGR在中药材生产中的登记管理,制定与国情相适应的残留限量标准,为保障中药用药安全提供监测依据。科学应用PGR可促进农业增产和农民增收,使中药材种植业健康发展。

Plant growth regulator(PGR)is mostly a class of chemical synthesis substance with physiological activities similar to plant hormones,which can promote cell elongation,induce vascular differentiation or accelerate tissue aging via regulating the physiological processes such as photosynthesis,respiration,transpiration,signal transduction,substance absorption and operation.PGR has the advantages of small dosage,high efficiency,low toxicity and less residue,and it is widely used in the planting of Chinese medicinal herbs.By consulting the relevant literature published in recent years,this paper briefly summarizes the main types of PGR,e.g.auxins,gibberellins,cytokinins,abscisic acid and ethylene,etc.On the other hand,this article analyzes and sums up the specific applications of PGR in the manufacture of Chinese herbal medicine,for instance,promoting seed germination,improving seed setting rate or fruit setting rate,dwarfing plants,inhibiting reproductive growth,regulating gender differentiation,stimulating fruit falling,enhancing resistance and so on.The problems existing in the practical use of PGR are pointed out,non-differentiation of specific species,unreasonable combination,not paying attention to the operation method,arbitrarily increasing the dose,lack of residue limit standard and reducing the content of some effective components,for example.Meanwhile,some feasible suggestions are put forward.Not only the suitable types of PGR should be selected in a reasonable and standardized manner,but also the appropriate concentration,dosage and period of application should be chosen carefully;the dual effects of PGR on plant growth and active ingredients in medicinal organs should be concerned,so as to improve the yield and avoid the loss of effective components on the basis of ensuring the quality of Chinese medicinal materials;it is necessary to strengthen the registration of PGR in the production of Chinese medicinal materials and establish residue limit standards to provide a monitoring basis for ensuring the safety of Chinese medicine in the future.The scientific use of PGR can promote the increase of agricultural yield and farmers'income,and make the healthy development of Chinese herbal medicine planting industry.