德国职业教育双元制的国际传播:经验与启示

The International Dissemination of the Dual System of Vocational Education in Germany:Experience and Enlightenment

德国职业教育的双元制享有国际盛誉,这不仅因其制度、理论与实践的丰富与卓有成效,而且也是因为德国主动通过多种方式成功地构建起了德国双元制职业教育经验的国际传播体系。在传播主体上,德国形成了以联邦职业教育研究所为主,其他社会机构为辅的多层次立体化传播格局;在传播内容上,德国以本国科学研究与实践经验为基础,主要集中在职业教育的管理、工作过程中的学习、职业教育的标准、职业教育人员的资格以及职业教育研究的制度化五大专业且具有德国特色领域;在传播方式上,形成了立足需求、授人以渔、制度建设以及语言推广四大策略,并根据目标和需求采取了丰富且多样化的传播方法;在传播对象上,德国通过开展双边合作、三边合作以及欧盟合作的方式,与众多国家建立起了合作伙伴关系;从传播效果来看,德国为其他国家职业教育的发展带去了优秀经验的同时进一步巩固了自身在国际关系中的地位。因此,我国在开展教育经验的国际传播工作中尤应注意:充分发挥专业的科学文化机构作为传播主体的作用,高度提炼高品质的教育经验,切实强化国际合作与交流的成效。

The dual system of German vocational education enjoys an international reputation. This is not only because of the richness and effectiveness of its system,theory and practice,but also because Germany has taken the initiative to successfully construct an international dissemination system of it’s dual vocational education experience through various methods. In terms of the main body of dissemination,Germany has formed a multi-level and three-dimensional dissemination pattern with the Federal Vocational Education Institute as the mainstay and other social institutions as the supplement;in terms of the content of dissemination,it mainly focuses on the management of vocational education,learning in the work process,the standards of vocational education,the qualifications of vocational trainers,and the institutionalization of vocational education and training research in five major fields with German characteristics;in terms of dissemination methods,four major strategies have been formed:demand-oriented,Value technology and knowledge,system construction as well as language promotion,According to the goals and needs,rich and diversified dissemination methods have been adopted. In terms of dissemination targets,Germany has cooperated with many countries through bilateral cooperation,trilateral cooperation and EU cooperation;from the perspective of dissemination effects,Germany has brought excellent experience to the development of vocational education in other countries while further consolidating its own position in international relations. Therefore,China should pay attention to the international dissemination of educational experience:give full play to the role of professional scientific and cultural institutions as the main body of dissemination,highly refine high-quality educational experience as well as effectively strengthen the effectiveness of international cooperation and exchanges.