解构人类中心主义的自我——《马戏团之夜》的生物叙述学研究

The Deconstruction of the Anthropocentric Self:A Bionarratological Study of Nights at the Circus

在小说《马戏团之夜》中,安吉拉·卡特描绘了一个充满杂交生物、变形生物以及跨物种关系的魔幻现实主义世界。本文从生物叙述学的理论视角出发,探讨小说如何将原本具有人类中心主义世界观的男主人公置于一个更广阔的"生物域"中,通过跨物种的相遇与互动来重新思考"自我—他者"的关系并重建自我。本文从"杂交性"和"心智能力"两个方面讨论了小说如何以不同方式解构了以人类为中心的"自我"。一方面,女主人公的杂交性挑战了人类对原有物种关系等级的理解。同时,她通过"自我叙述"向男主人公和读者展示了如何在跨物种的生态域中建构一个更包容和更开放的"自我"。另一方面,小说中动物与人类身上发生的"跨物种变异",挑战了以"心智能力"作为本体特征来划分物种等级的人类中心主义思想,揭露了其社会建构的本质。

In Nights at the Circus,Angela Carter creates a magic-realistic world full of human-animal hybrids,transformed beings,and trans-species relationships.From the perspective of bionarratology,this paper upholds that,the novel,by putting the hero of the story,who otherwise took a hierarchical understanding of human-animal relationships from an anthropocentric view of this world,in the biosphere,and through his encounters and interactions with other species,makes him rethink of selfother relationships,and reconstruct the"self".The analysis starts with the concepts of"hybridity"and"intellectual ability"to discuss how the novel deconstructs the anthropocentric"self"from different ways:on the one hand,the"hybridity"of the heroine challenges the hierarchical understanding of human-animal relationships,and through her selfnarrative,showing both the hero and readers the way to construct the"self"in the biosphere;on the other hand,the"intellectual ability"as the ontological characteristic that separates humans from all other kinds of beings is challenged and proved as only a social construct by the species transformations happening on both human and animal characters in the novel.