某三甲医院原发性高血压患者焦虑/抑郁现况调查

A Survey of Anxiety/Depression in Patients with Essential Hypertension in A Third Grade Hospital

目的调查原发性高血压(essential hypertension,EH)患者合并焦虑/抑郁状态检出率及相关心理影响因素,为临床治疗提供依据。方法选取2019年11月至2020年11月在宁夏医科大学总医院心内科(高血压)门诊登记的200例EH患者为研究对象,采用患者健康问卷抑郁自评量表(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑自评量表(generalized anxiety disorder-7,GAD-7)进行心理测评并收集患者的一般临床资料。结果200例EH患者中焦虑、抑郁及焦虑合并抑郁状态检出率分别为29.5%、36.5%和16.0%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血压控制不佳为焦虑状态的独立危险因素;教育程度低、经常失眠、心率快、合并糖尿病为抑郁状态的独立危险因素;离异或丧偶、血压分级高、血压控制不佳、经常失眠、合并血脂异常为焦虑合并抑郁状态的独立危险因素。PHQ-9量表评分、GAD-7量表评分的高低分别与焦虑、抑郁状态发生风险有关。结论EH患者焦虑/抑郁状态的检出率较高,其中教育程度低、离异或丧偶、经常失眠、心率快、血压分级高、血压控制不佳、存在糖尿病及血脂异常合并症、GAD-7量表评分、PHQ-9量表评分情况与EH患者发生焦虑/抑郁障碍有密切关联。

Objective To investigate the detection rate of anxiety/depression status and related psychological influencing factors in patients with essential hypertension(EH)so as to provide basis for clinical intervention and treatment.Methods A total of 200 patients with essential hypertension registered in the Department of Cardiology(Hypertension)in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from November 2019 to November 2020 were selected as subjects.Patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and generalized anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to evaluate the psychological status and the general clinical data of the patients with Hypertension were collected.Results Among 200 EH patients,detection rate of anxiety,depression and anxiety combined with depression were 29.5%,36.5%and 16.0%,respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that poor blood pressure control was an independent risk factor for anxiety.Low education level,frequent insomnia,high heart rate and diabetes were independent risk factors for depression.Divorce or widowhood,high blood pressure grade,poor blood pressure control,frequent insomnia and dyslipidemia were independent risk factors for anxiety and depression.The scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were related to the risk of anxiety and depression respectively.Conclusion The detection rate of anxiety/depression in patients with EH is high,which should be paid more attention to in clinic.Among them,low education,divorce or bereavement,frequent insomnia,high heart rate,high blood pressure grade,poor blood pressure control,diabetes and dyslipidemia,GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores are closely related to anxiety/depression in patients with EH.