自我认同、承认政治与政治认同——查尔斯·泰勒的政治认同理论新探

Self-identity,the Politics of Recognition&Political Identity:Research on Charles Taylor’s Theory of Political Identity

如何包容文化差异,寻求共同价值,坚持一致性和多样性统一,是所有多民族国家在推进政治认同时必须面对的问题。查尔斯·泰勒立足于加拿大的政治实践,敏感于认同与承认的关系,剖析了平等承认的政治的两条进路及其政治认同危机,进而在完整刻画自我认同的基础上,回答了"国家是为了什么/为了谁"的问题,确立了他独特的政治认同理论:一方面,国家被视为一种集体能动性,其成员把它认同为自由得以辩护和实现、共同的文化认同及共同善得以表达的地方;另一方面,与之相应,成员既达成自由共识(国家容许"第一层次的多样性"),又以多元的归属方式获得政治身份(国家容许"第二层次或深度的多样性")——或直接作为个人权利的载体或作为民族共同体的成员而成为加拿大人。泰勒的政治认同理论为我国广泛凝聚共识,努力寻求最大公约数,画出最大同心圆,坚持大团结大联合提供了有益借鉴。

How to tolerate cultural difference,seek common values,and balance commonality and diversity is a problem that all multi-ethnic countries must face when producing political identity.Based on the political practice of Canada,Charles Taylor analyzed two approaches of the politics of equal recognition and their crisis of political identity,sensitive to the relationship between identity and recognition.He also drew a full picture of self-identity,and then answered the question of"What/whom is this state for",establishing his unique theory of political identity.On the one hand,the state is accepted as a collective agency,identified by its members as where liberties are defended/realized and the expression of common cultural identity and common good is guaranteed;correspondingly,on the other hand,its members not only reach a consensus on liberties(the state allowing for"first-level diversity"),also gain political identity in a plurality of ways of belonging(the state allowing for"second-level or deep diversity"),being Canadian directly as the bearer of individual rights or as members of their national communities.Taylor’s theory of political identity provides a useful reference for us to build a broad consensus,expand the common ground and the convergence of interests,and ensure great unity and solidarity.