芒果果实中农药残留分布及慢性膳食摄入风险

Distribution of Pesticide Residue in Mango Fruits and Chronic Dietary Risk

为掌握常用农药在芒果果实中的残留分布情况及其对慢性膳食摄入风险的贡献大小。采用气相色谱和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定样品中42个常用农药残留。采用点评估方法计算检出农药对儿童和成人的慢性膳食摄入风险的贡献份额,采用相对效能因子法计算农药的累积风险。44.1%的全果样品和35.5%的果肉样品中检出农药残留。吡虫啉在全果和果肉中的检出率最高,分别为21.6%和19.6%。按照我国制定的最大残留限量标准(MRL),吡唑醚菌酯、噻虫胺、吡虫啉和苯醚甲环唑在全果和果肉中均存在超标现象,在全果和果肉中的超标率分别是6.9%/1.0%、5.9%/1.0%、3.0%/2.0%、2.0%/2.0%。不套袋品种(台农和贵妃)农药检出率和超标率高于套袋品种(金煌)。所有检出农药的残留水平基本符合全果的残留量高于果肉的残留量。对于内吸性较强的农药(如新烟碱类农药和三唑类农药等),少部分芒果样品果肉中的残留量高于全果或者只在果肉中有检出。果肉中同时检出4种及以上农药的样品比例为7.9%,小于全果中的比例(20.6%)。所有检出农药对成人和儿童的%ADI均远远小于100%,且三唑类和新烟碱类农药的累积风险也极小。通过芒果摄入的农药残留对慢性膳食摄入风险的贡献极低。

This study aims to evaluate the distribution of pesticide residues in mango fruits and the contribution to chronic dietary exposure risks.42 kinds of pesticides were analyzed with gas chromatography(GC)and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The contribution to chronic dietary exposure risks for children and adult were calculated using point assessment approach.The cumulative risks were calculated with the method of relative potency factor(RPF).44.1% of the whole mango samples and 35.3% of the pulp samples contained one or more pesticide residues.The most frequently detected pesticide was imidacloprid,and the detection rates in whole mango and pulp were 21.6% and 19.6%,respectively.According to the MRLs in China,the exceedance rates of pyraclostrobin,clothianidin,imidacloprid and difenoconazole in whole mango and pulp were 6.9%and 1.0%,5.9% and 1.0%,3.0% and2.0%,2.0%and 2.0%,respectively.The detection rate and exceedance rate of pesticide in non-bagged mango varieties(‘Tainong’,‘Guifei’)were much higher than those in bagged mango variety(‘Jinhuang’).Pesticide residue levels in whole mango were mostly higher than those in pulp.In some mango samples,the residues of pesticides possessing strong systemic conductibility(neonicotinoid,trizoles and etc.)in pulp were higher than those in whole mango.These pesticides only detected in pulp of some mango samples.7.9% of the pulp samples contained four or more pesticide residues,and the percentage was much higher(20.6%)in whole mango samples.The values of%ADI of all detected individual pesticides and pesticide groups(neonicotinoid and trizoles)for children and adult were far below 100%.The contribution of pesticide residues through mango to the chronic dietary risk was extremely low.