我国校外培训机构国家治理政策工具分析

Analyzing the Instruments in the State-issued Governance Policies about Chinese Off-campus Training Institutions

《国务院办公厅关于规范校外培训机构发展的意见》是我国第一份专项治理校外培训机构的国家级政策文件。基于政策工具理论,通过建立"工具类型-内容要素"二维分析框架并对政策文件实施文本内容编码、工具信息解析和编码统计分析发现:当前我国校外培训机构的国家治理政策存在权威类工具使用比重过大,权威以外类型工具使用偏少;管制、约束类负向工具形式使用过溢;支持、保障类正向工具形式供给不足且缺乏实际内容等问题。未来我国校外培训机构治理政策应更加注重丰富政策工具形式并推动形成互补效应,强化政策工具的可操作性和推进政策工具的分类应用。

The Opinions on Regulating the Development of Off-campus Training Institutions by the General Office of State Councilis is the first state-level policy on the governance of Chinese off-campus training institutions.Based on the theory of policy instrument,a two-dimension analytical framework of instrument type-content element is constructed to code the contents,analyze the instrument information and make a statistical analysis of the policy.It is found that the use of authoritative instruments has been excessive,while other types of instruments have not been used enough,and the negative instruments of control and restraint have been abused,while the positive instruments of support and guarantee have been in short supply and lacking in real content.In the future,the policies of governing Chinese off-campus training institutions should be focused on the following aspects:enriching the categories of policy instruments and promoting their complementation,and strengthening the practicality of policy instruments and propelling their classified application.