四川格西沟国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性初探

Survey on Resources and Bird Diversity in the Gexigou National Nature Reserve,Sichuan

鸟类多样性研究是国家级自然保护区的重要工作。2020年6月—2021年5月,采用样线法和样点法,调查了四川格西沟国家级自然保护区的鸟类多样性。结果显示:结合历史文献资料,保护区共有鸟类19目56科249种。其中,国家一级重点保护动物10种,国家二级重点保护动物35种,中国特有种11种。居留型以留鸟为主,共156种(62.65%),其次是夏候鸟60种(24.10%)、旅鸟19种(7.63%)、冬候鸟14种(5.62%)。区系组成以东洋界为主,共116种(46.59%),古北界103种(41.37%)、广布种30种(12.04%)。各生态系统中森林和灌丛生态系统Shannon-Wiener指数最高,其他生态系统最低,森林和灌丛生态系统的Sorenson相似性指数最高;夏、秋季的Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数最高,冬季最低。建议保护区建立长期监测体系,并持续开展鸟类保护宣传活动,加大巡护和管控力度,降低保护区内的人为干扰,同时注重鸟类所利用栖息地的保护。

Bird diversity research is an important work in national nature reserves.From June 2020 to May 2021,the bird diversity in the Gexigou National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province was investigated by using the method of transect and sampling point.The results showed that there were 249 species of birds belonging to 56 families and 19 orders in the reserve.Among them,there are 10 classⅠnationally key protected animals,35 classⅡnationally key protected animals and 11 endemic species in China.There are 156(62.65%)resident,followed by 60(24.10%)summer visitors,19(7.63%)passage migrants and 14(5.62%)winter visitors.The flora is mainly composed of Oriental birds(116 species,46.59%),Palaearctic birds(103 species,41.37%)and widespread birds(30 species,12.04%).Forest ecosystem and shrub ecosystem have the highest Shannon-Wiener index and Sorenson similarity index.The highest Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index were detected in summer and autumn,while the lowest were detected in winter.It is suggested that the reserve should establish a long-term monitoring system,continue to carry out bird protection publicity activities,strengthen patrol and control,reduce human interference,and pay attention to the protection of bird habitats.