新博物馆学理念下社区型文化遗产地可持续发展

Sustainable Development of Community-based Cultural Heritage Sites Under the Concept of New Museology

新博物馆学诞生于后现代主义、后殖民主义思潮及世界遗产运动勃兴的文化土壤,带有民主化、多元化、地方化特点。新博物馆学提倡以人为本,服务社区与社会发展,强调对社区文化生态的整体性保护,关注社区日常生活,保护社区集体记忆和多元文化。这一理念适应了文化遗产地保护的社区化趋势,以人本性的核心旨归、地方性的叙事视角、活态性的保护方式、开放性的运行机制,发挥博物馆教育功能,丰富社区参与途径,重建社区集体记忆,有效提升社区居民的文化自觉,守护社区文化根脉,优化社区文化生态,实现社区型文化遗产地可持续发展。

Born out of the cultural soil of post-modernism,post-colonialism and the emergence of the world heritage movement,new museology is characterized by democratization,pluralism and localization.It advocates a people-centered approach to community and social development,emphasizing the holistic conservation of the cultural ecology of the community,the concern for the daily life of the community,and the protection of the collective memory of the community and diverse cultures.This concept is in line with the trend of community-based conservation of cultural heritage sites.With a humanistic core objective,a local narrative perspective,a living conservation approach and an open operational mechanism,the museums can play an educational role,enrich the means of community participation and rebuild the collective memory of the community,which can effectively enhance the cultural consciousness of community residents,safeguard the cultural roots of the community,optimize the cultural ecology of the community and realize the sustainable development of community-based cultural heritage sites.