某地粉尘作业人员对尘肺病疾病认知现况调查及影响因素

Current situation investigation and influencing factors of pneumoconiosis cognition among dust workers

目的探讨分析某地粉尘作业人员对尘肺病疾病认知现况及影响因素。方法采取便利抽样方法于2020年6月对513例粉尘作业人员进行尘肺病疾病认知现况调查,调查内容包括一般资料问卷及认知能力测评量表,采用多因素Logistics回归分析探讨粉尘作业人员对尘肺病疾病认知水平的影响因素。结果513例粉尘作业人员对尘肺病疾病认知能力总评分为(43.48±10.62)分,其中在吸烟、激素治疗、吸入型支气管舒张剂应用等主题的评分处于低水平。不同性别、经济类型和企业规模、吸烟情况粉尘作业人员和接尘工龄粉尘作业人员对尘肺病疾病认知比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄、学历情况对尘肺病疾病认知比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析,发现年龄大、文化程度低、接尘工龄短均是粉尘作业人员对尘肺病认知水平低的影响因素(P<0.05);知道工作中自己如何预防尘肺病知晓率最高(95.32%),以媒体宣传知识获取途径占比最高(28.26%)。结论该地粉尘作业人员对尘肺病疾病认知水平较低,且受较多因素的影响,需强化对粉尘作业人员的健康宣教,针对不同人群特点采取针对性的教育措施。

Objective To explore and analyze the cognition of pneumoconiosis diseases among dust workers in a certain place and its influencing factors.Methods Convenience sampling was used to investigate the cognitive status of pneumoconiosis diseases in 513 dust workers in June 2020.The contents included general data questionnaire and cognitive ability scale.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of dust workers'cognition level of pneumoconiosis disease.Results The total score of cognitive ability of 513 dust workers to pneumoconiosis disease was(43.48±10.62)points,of which the scores in smoking,hormone therapy,inhalation bronchodilator application were at a low level.There was no significant difference in the cognition of pneumoconiosis diseases among dust workers of different genders,economic types and enterprise sizes,smoking status and duration of dust exposure(P>0.05).There was a significant difference in the cognition of pneumoconiosis diseases among dust workers of different ages,educational backgrounds(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older age,low education level,and shorter duration of dust exposure all influenced the low cognitive level of pneumoconiosis among dust workers(P<0.05).The awareness rate of knowing how to prevent pneumoconiosis in work was the highest(95.32%),and the access to media publicity knowledge accounted for the highest proportion(28.26%).Conclusion The cognitive level of dust workers to pneumoconiosis is low and affected by many factors.It is necessary to strengthen the health education of dust workers and take targeted educational measures according to the characteristics of different populations.