肠道菌群的平衡在预防和治疗结直肠癌中的重要作用

Important role of balance of intestinal flora in prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer

消化道是排泄、转化、新陈代谢、免疫、天然屏障等机能相结合的重要人体器官,结直肠癌是常见恶性肿瘤之一,由于结直肠癌患者早期临床表现不典型,多数患者发现该疾病已成为晚期,降低了患者的生存时间和生活质量。随着肠道菌群研究的日益深入,更多的统计资料表明消化道微生物群与结直肠癌的起因转变息息相关,尤其是某些特异性肠道菌群的异常表达,如具核梭杆菌、产肠毒素脆弱拟杆菌、大肠埃希菌、粪肠球菌等,这些细菌的高表达可以促进结直肠癌的发生发展。同时,发现益生菌在维持肠道菌群平衡中起重要作用,肠道微生物的平衡在促进食物的消化、吸收、抗感染、抗肿瘤、提高人体免疫功能等方面有积极影响。本文重点概述肠道菌群的平衡在预防和治疗结直肠癌中的重要作用。

Digestive tract is an important human organ that combines excretion,transformation,metabolism,immunity,natural barrier and other functions.Colorectal cancer(CC)is one of the common malignant tumors.Due to atypical early clinical manifestations,most CC patients were diagnosed in the advanced stage,which reduced the survival time and quality of life of patients.With the development of the study of intestinal flora,more statistical data showed that digestive tract microflora was closely related to the cause and transformation of CC,especially the abnormal expression of some specific intestinal microflora,such as Fusobacterium nucleatum,Enterotoxin-producing Bacteroides fragilis,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,etc.The high expression of these bacteria can promote the tumorigenesis and progression of CC.At the same time,it is found that probiotics play an important role in maintaining the balance of intestinal flora.The balance of intestinal microorganisms exerts a positive impact on promoting food digestion and absorption,anti-infection,anti-tumor and improving human immune function.This article focused on the important role of intestinal flora balance in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.