科创走廊的特点及建设机制研究--以“128号公路”创新廊道和广深科创走廊为例

Research on the Characteristics of Science and Innovation Corridor and its Construction Mechanism:Exploratory Case on Highway 128 Innovation Corridor and Guangzhou-Shenzhen Science and Innovation Corridor

纵观国内外创新发展经验,很多全球知名创新区均呈现出“廊带”分布特征,科创走廊已成为多个城市跨区域合作的一种重要模式。基于创新链视角,以“128号公路”创新廊道和广深科创走廊为例,探究科创走廊的建设机制,研究发现:第一,科创走廊可视为一个包含核心节点和辅助节点的虚组织,且所有节点不是等量齐观的,核心节点具有核心功能;第二,若核心节点的功能弱化,科创走廊会呈现劣化趋势;第三,科创走廊的建设包含从知识资源的流动整合到创新孵化溢出,再到市场化应用的科创全链条过程,但目前该链条仍然存在资源流动障碍、创新孵化断裂与结构失衡等问题。因此,要实现科创走廊中多主体良性互动,就要有一个核心主体发挥集聚扩散作用,即“高山起高峰,高峰带高原”,从而实现科创走廊的协调发展。

Scientific and technological innovation is the engine of human social progress.A re⁃view of innovation development experience at home and abroad shows that all kinds of innova⁃tion resources and world-renowned innovation zones show the characteristic of"corridor"distri⁃bution in geographical space,and the science and innovation corridor has become an important mode of trans-regional cooperation between multiple cities.At present,there is few research on the mechanism of science and innovation corridor construction in academia.How to construct science and innovation corridor is a common problem faced by both the academia and the indus⁃try.Based on the perspective of innovation chain,this paper explores the construction mechanism of science and innovation corridor by taking the Innovation Corridor of Highway 128 in the United States and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen Science and Innovation Corridor in China as exam⁃ples through case analysis.This study aims to promote the in-depth development of science and technology innovation corridor,provide countermeasures for the construction of regional collabor⁃ative innovation of science and innovation corridor based on innovation chain,and form a repli⁃cable,extendable and scalable construction mode,so as to strengthen the overall strength of na⁃tional science and technology innovation,and solve the problems of"insufficient transformation of scientific and technological achievements"and"independent science&technology and econo⁃my"caused by structural imbalance in the innovation chain.The main findings are as follows:Firstly,the science and innovation corridor is a trans-regional organizational form with a chain structure,which can be regarded as a virtual organization containing core nodes and auxiliary nodes.Not all nodes are equal,and the core nodes,to some extent,make up for the long physical space distance caused by the chain structure.Secondly,the core nodes of science and innovation corridor are the nodes corresponding to the innovation incubation function.The science and inno⁃vation corridor needs resource agglomeration,and the core nodes have the ability of agglomera⁃tion and diffusion,playing the core function,a leading and supporting role for the coordinated de⁃velopment of the whole corridor.Thirdly,the construction of science and innovation corridor is a whole chain process from the flow and integration of knowledge resources to innovation incuba⁃tion and overflow,and then to market application.If the core nodes of the science and innovation corridor do not play their core functions,or the functions of the core nodes are weakened,or the function of"high mountain leads to high peak,and high peak leads to plateau"is lost,the sci⁃ence and innovation corridor will show a state of deterioration.Fourthly,government's guidance and support are crucial to the construction of science and innovation corridor.The interests of various collaborative innovation subjects in the science and innovation corridor are different,so they cannot live without the guidance and support of government.The dilemma of scientific and technological innovation in China is highlighted in the large-scale scientific and technological innovation investment,which has not brought about significant improvement of productivity and high-quality economic development.To solve this dilemma,we need to attach importance to the supporting role of government in scientific research and technology development.Targeted gov⁃ernment support can not only avoid the adverse consequences of heterogeneous R&D,but also help solve the dilemma of scientific and technological innovation.