货币转化为资本是生产关系一系列变化的过程

The Transformation from Currency to Capital Is a Process of a Series of Changes in Relations of Production

生产关系范畴在马克思恩格斯思想体系中占有重要地位。研究从货币到资本的转化,必须以马克思恩格斯关于生产关系的理论为指导,必须把货币和资本不是看作物而是看作一定的生产关系,把从货币到资本的转化看作是生产关系一系列变化的过程。为了说明货币转化为资本的过程,需要揭示资本流通过程和简单商品流通过程的区别,说明资本流通过程的矛盾及其解决。在此基础上,说明从货币到资本的转化,是以往历史发展的结果和产物,是许多经济变革的总结,要以之前的各种生产形态的灭亡和生产力一定程度的发展为前提。资本主义的生产目的是榨取雇佣工人创造的剩余价值。产业工人在生产过程中创造的剩余价值是剩余价值的唯一来源。资本主义生产过程是劳动过程和价值增殖过程的统一。剩余价值是在生产过程中产生、在流通过程中实现的。资本主义生产过程和流通过程的统一,实质上就是剩余价值的生产过程和流通过程的统一。

The category of relations of production occupies an important position in Marx and Engels’ s ideological system. The study of the transformation from currency to capital must be guided by Marx and Engels’ s theory of relations of production, and must regard currency and capital as certain relations of production rather than objects and regard the transformation from currency to capital as a series of changes in relations of production.In order to explain the process of the transformation from currency to capital, it is necessary to reveal the difference between the circulation-process of capital and the simple circulation-process of commodities and to explain the contradiction of circulation-process of capital and its solution. On this basis, it is explained that the transformation from currency to capital is the result and product of the past historical development and the outcome of many economic changes, which should be premised on the extinction of all previous forms of production and a certain degree of the development of productive forces. The purpose of capitalist production is to extract surplus value from employed workers. The surplus value created by industrial workers in the process of production is the only source of surplus value. The capitalist process of production is the unification of labor process and the process of valorization. Surplus value is produced in the process of production and is realized in the process of circulation. The unification of the capitalist process of production and of circulation is essentially the one of the production-process of and the circulation-process of surplus value.