黄河流域九省区经济高质量发展的评价及路径选择

Measurement and Improvement Path of High Quality Development Level in Yellow River Basin

黄河流域是典型的大流域经济,在新发展阶段其高质量发展对于区域乃至国家具有深远的战略价值。基于流域经济高质量发展的理论内涵与黄河流域的特殊性与实践特征,从创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展、共享发展和安全发展六维度构建评价体系,采用熵权TOPSIS法客观赋权,评价了2010—2018年黄河流域九省区及各主体功能区经济高质量发展的状态。评价结果表明:黄河流域九省区经济高质量发展指数平缓上升,流域整体经济发展质量逐步向好。全流域在创新发展和安全发展方面成效显著,开放发展和协调发展是当前主要制约因素。流域内主体功能区中,优化开发区的经济高质量发展水平最高,重点开发区和农产品主产区次之,重点开发区、生态重点功能区及禁止开发区经济高质量发展水平波动较大,其经济发展稳定性仍待提升。“十四五”时期,黄河流域的经济高质量发展应基于多元发展目标提升流域经济的整体发展质量,包括以创新促升级、以协调促平衡、以绿色促转型、以开放促发展、以共享稳民生、以安全保防线;加快推进基于主体功能区的分类高质量发展,明确流域中工业产品供给、农业产品供给和生态产品供给的功能划分。分类治理政策应优化流域主体功能区的分区和定位、强化主体功能区模式主体地位、健全相关政策的配套保障。

The Yellow River Basin is a typical large basin economy and its high quality development has profound strategic value for the region and even the country.Based on the theoretical connotation of high-quality economic development of River basin and the particularity and practical characteristics of the Yellow River Basin,the evaluation system is constructed from six dimensions of innovative development,coordinated development,green development,open development,shared development and safe development.The objective weight of entropy weight TOPSIS method is adopted to evaluate the high-quality economic development of nine provinces and main function areas in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2018.The results show that the economic high-quality development index rises gently.The whole basin has achieved remarkable results in innovative development and safe development,while open development and coordinated development are the main constraints at present.Among the Major Function Oriented Zone,optimized development zones have the highest level,followed by key development zones and major agricultural production zones.Key development zones,key ecological function zones and forbidden development zones have great fluctuations.During the 14th FIVE-year Plan Period,the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin should be based on multiple development goals,including promoting upgrading through innovation,promoting balance through coordination,promoting transformation through eco-friendly,promoting development through opening-up,stabilizing people’s livelihood through sharing,and protecting the defense line through safety.Among the Major Function Oriented Zone,the function division of industrial product supply,agricultural product supply and ecological product supply is clarified,including optimizing the zoning and positioning of the main functional areas of the river basin,strengthening the main position of the main functional area model,and improving supporting policies.