“新世界文学”的范式特征及局限

The Paradigm,Features and Limitations of“New World Literature”

始自20世纪90年代的"新世界文学"理论显现出本体论、认识论以及方法论上的根本改变:它不再是稳定的、本质主义的,而是关系的、网络的,是过程性的"发生";其认识论的"单元观念"不再是民族和语言,不是二元的,而是多元的、更加关注作为现象学的翻译研究;由于人文学科研究中"语文学的破产",以及世界文学文本的日趋庞杂,研究者提倡合作、使用跨学科的研究方法,特别是在大数据时代,数字人文的兴起在方法论上解决文本过剩的问题。虽然"新世界文学"理论面临陷入相对主义的危险,但却形成了新的比较文学研究共同体,凸显本学科的人文价值。

The beginning of the 1990 s saw a fundamental change in ontology,epistemology and methodology in the theory of new world literature.It is no longer stable and essentialist,but turns into a relationship,a network and a process of occurrence.Its epistemology is no longer dualistic,but pluralistic,transcending the boundaries of nationality and language to emphasize the translated text as a phenomenological ontology.Due to“the bankruptcy of philology”in the study of humanities and the increased complication of world literature,researchers advocate cooperation and the use of interdisciplinary methods.Digital humanities,in particular,emerge in the age of big data in order to solve the methodological problems in their study.Although the theory of new world literature risks relativism,it has promoted a new research community within comparative literature that highlights the humanistic value of the discipline.