2个钟菌属野生菌株鉴定及其菌丝生长特性

Identification and Mycelia Growth Characteristics of Verpa of Two Wild Strains

钟菌属Verpa隶属于羊肚菌科Morchellaceae,与羊肚菌属Morchella的亲缘关系较近,形态特征与羊肚菌较为相似。对采自湖北省和黑龙江省的2份标本进行形态学鉴定,发现其菌盖表面平滑,呈褶皱状,无横脊,边缘整齐,菌柄着生于菌盖下正中央,子囊呈光滑的棍状,含有2个或4个光滑的椭圆形子囊孢子。对子实体进行组织分离和培养(采自湖北省标本组织分离菌株为z1m2,采自黑龙江省标本组织分离菌株为76a),观察菌丝及细胞核的显微结构,结果发现其菌丝体圆筒状,无色,光滑,有隔,多分支,多核,形态学鉴定为皱盖钟菌Verpa bohemica。基于ITS序列分析进一步验证了形态学鉴定结果的准确性。通过菌丝纯培养结果显示,皱盖钟菌最适培养温度为21℃,最佳培养基为木屑粉(SD)培养基,在小麦粉(WH)培养基上产生菌核最多;菌丝老化速度试验结果发现:菌株76a平均寿命为33 d,而菌株z1m2的衰老速度明显快于76a菌株,至21 d时菌丝彻底死亡。对2个不同区域的皱盖钟菌野生菌株进行鉴定和生长特性研究,进一步充实了羊肚菌科钟菌属的相关研究。

Verpabelonging to Morchellaceae is closely related to Morchella,and its morphological characteristics are similar to Morchella.The morphological identification of two specimens collected from Hubei and Heilongjiang showed that the surface of the cap was smooth,wrinkled,without horizontal ridges,and the edges are neat.The stalk was inserted in the center under the cap,and the ascus was in the shape of a smooth rod,contains 2 or 4 smooth oval ascospores.Tissue isolation and culture of the fruit body(z1 m2 for the strain isolated from specimen tissue in Hubei Province,and76 a from the tissue isolated strain from Heilongjiang Province),observe the hyphae and cell nucleus,and find that the mycelium is cylindrical and colorless.Smooth,septal,multi-branched,multinucleated,morphologically identified as V.bohemica.Based on ITS sequence analysis,the accuracy of the identification of morphological results was further verified.The results of pure mycelial culture show that the most optimal culture temperature of V.bohemica is 21℃,and the best culture medium is sawdust flour(SD),which produces the most sclerotia on wheat flour(WH)medium;mycelial aging speed test The results showed that the average life span of the 76 a strain was 33 days,while the senescence rate of the z1 m2 strain was significantly faster than that of the 76 a strain,and the hyphae died completely at 21 days.In this study,the identification and growth characteristics of wild strains of V.bohemica from two different regions have further enriched the related research of the Verpa in Morchellaceae.