职前教师融合教育素养培养政策执行要素及对策研究

A Study on the Elements of Policy Implementation and Its Countermeasures in Preservice Teachers’Inclusive Literacy Training

融合教育教师队伍整体专业化水平偏低是制约我国融合教育高质量开展的瓶颈性因素,提高教师的融合教育素养成为当前融合教育发展的首要任务。我国职前教师融合教育素养培养的政策执行效果不佳,从史密斯政策执行分析模型来看,其原因包括:政策文本概念与目标模糊、可操作性不足以及政策体系不完整;地方教育行政部门执行职前教师融合教育素养培养政策的积极性不高;普通师范院校和综合性院校对政策缺乏认同且缺少专业师资;教育缺少政策宣导及制度保障。对此,应明确提出开设融合教育必修课程的要求,完善职前教师融合素养培养政策;加强地方教育行政人员对政策的理解与认同,提高执行力度;采用MOOC等技术促进融合教育课程开设,探索职前教师融合教育素养培养模式;广泛宣传政策的必要性,为师范专业开设融合教育课程给予政策和经费支持。

The overall quality of inclusive education teachers and the level of teacher professionalism are currently the bottlenecks restricting the development of inclusive education in China.Improving the inclusive literacy of teachers has become the primary task.At present,the implementation of educational laws and policies for preservice teachers’inclusive literacy training is not effective.From the perspective of the Smith policy implementation analysis model,the factors include that:the concept and objectives in the policy texts are ambiguous,the operability is low,and the policy system is incomplete;the policy implementation of local education administration departments is passive;colleges and universities are lack of policy recognition and professional teachers;financial and human resources are insufficiently equipped,and there is a lack of policy advocacy.In order to promote effective policy implementation of preservice teachers’inclusive literacy training,the policy documents related to teacher education should clearly state the requirements of offering the compulsory courses of inclusive education,speed up the improvement of the complete system;improve the local education-related personnel’s understanding and recognition of policies,and increase law enforcement;adopt modern education technologies such as MOOCs to promote the offering of inclusive education courses,encourage in-depth cooperation between special education majors and general education majors,and explore the preservice teachers’inclusive literacy training models;extensively publicize the necessity of policies,and provide policy and financial support for the establishment of inclusive education courses in normal majors.