欧盟国家特殊需要教育状况分析及启示

An Analysis of Education of Children with Special Needs in EU Countries and Its Enlightenment

欧盟各国推行全纳教育实践比较早,其特殊需要儿童的教育现状及全纳教育实践的经验与做法,对我国特殊教育的发展会有所启示。本文以欧盟特殊需要与全纳教育局发布的2012/2013、2014/2015、2016/2017三个年度的数据为基础,梳理了欧盟18个国家特殊需要儿童的教育安置及发展变化情况,结果发现:欧盟各国享受特殊教育服务的儿童比例相对稳定,全纳环境安置的特殊需要学生占比居首位,普通学校附设特教班、特教学校的教育安置形式仍然占有一定份额。研究结果表明,尽管欧盟各国致力于发展全纳教育,但离完全实现全纳教育的远景目标仍有待努力。

The practice of inclusive education in EU countries is relatively early.The study of the current situation of education of children with special needs and the experience and practice of inclusive education of EU countries is conducive to the development of special education in China.Based on the data of 2012/2013,2014/2015 and 2016/2017 released by the EU special needs and inclusive education agency,this paper analyzes the educational placement of children with special needs and its development in 17 EU countries.The results show that the proportion of children enjoying special education services in EU countries is relatively stable,The vast majority of students with special needs are placed in an"inclusive setting",and the forms of educational placement in special classes and special schools still account for a certain share.Although EU countries are committed to developing inclusive education,they still need to continue to work towards the full realization of the vision of inclusive education.