老挝土地利用及水土流失现状调查研究——以南乌河流域为例

Investigation and Research on the Land Use and Soil and Water loss in Laos——region:A Case Study of Nam Ou River Basin

南乌河流域水土流失区域被高密度森林遮蔽,森林覆盖率达到82.97%,水土流失呈零星分布,极具隐蔽性,局部侵蚀强烈。由于流域内迁移农业仍存在,水土流失随着迁移农业的耕地零散分布,造成水土流失面积扩大和侵蚀强度加深,流失面积达到3441.3 km2,强烈以上流失占比23.31%。对村庄周围零碎地的疏于管理和使用不当影响了居住环境,造成水土流失和面源污染。同时,未正式成立水土保持有关的政府部门管理机构,未建立水土保持相关管理制度,水土保持社会意识有待提高,亟需保护原生森林植被,强化生产建设活动和水土保持管理,促进自然修复,全面预防水土流失。应在流域内开展预防保护、综合治理和监督管理的水土流失防治措施,如在水土流失地区开展以小流域为单元的山水田园路综合治理,加强村庄周围坡耕地治理、山区径流调控及农村水利水保设施建设;建立综合监管体系、机制体制,开展水土保持动态监测与预警。

The soil and water loss area of Nam Ou River is covered by high-density forest,with a forest coverage rate of 82.97%;they are distributed sporadically,highly elusive and intense locally.There’s high randomness of cultivated lands and 468.89 km2 alternate field still exists,thus resulting in heavier soil and water loss and erosion;soil and water loss area reaches 3,441.3 km2 and proportion of loss above intense is 23.31%.Poor management and improper use of scattered lands around the village have affected the living environment,leading to soil and water loss and non-point source pollution.No relevant governmental management department is established for managing soil and water conservation and social awareness for soil and water conservation needs to be improved.