血管内皮细胞功能障碍在慢性非传染性疾病发病中的病理作用

The role of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in chronic non-communicable diseases

目的血管内皮细胞是机体最大的内分泌组织细胞,位于血流与血管壁之间,将血液与血管壁分离开来。血管内皮细胞通过合成和释放多种内皮源性舒张因子和收缩因子在调节血管张力方面发挥着重要作用。此外,内皮细胞在维持抗凝/促凝平衡、血管生成、内分泌以及炎症和免疫中的作用也越来越被重视。越来越多的证据表明,血管内皮细胞功能对血管内稳态的维持至关重要,血管内皮细胞功能障碍是与血管收缩、血栓形成和炎症状态有关的各种微血管病变相关疾病的共同标志。本文主要就血管内皮细胞的结构和功能,以及功能障碍在心血管疾病、糖尿病并发症、慢性肾病等慢性非传染性疾病中的作用进行综述。

Objective Vascular endothelial cells are the largest endocrine tissue cells in the body.They are located between the blood stream and the vessel wall and separate the blood from the vessel wall.Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in regulating vascular tension by synthesizing and releasing a variety of endothelial-derived vasodilator and vasoconstrictor factors.In addition, more and more attention has been paid to the role of vascular endothelial cells in maintaining anticoagulation/procoagulation balance, angiogenesis, endocrine, inflammation and immunity.Increasing number of evidences show that vascular endothelial cells function is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.Vascular endothelial cells dysfunction is a common sign of various microvascular diseases related to vasoconstriction, thrombosis and inflammation.This article mainly reviews the structure and function of vascular endothelial cells, as well as the role of dysfunction in chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetic complications, and chronic kidney disease.