《共产党宣言》核心术语翻译的中国化演变研究

On the Translation of Key Terms in MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY

早期的中译本《共产党宣言》基本上都是从日译本并参照英译本转译过来的,因而其中的很多核心术语都经过了从德语到英语再到日语最后才到中文的多次转译历程。鉴于当时中国的文化传统与社会现实都与德国、英国和日本存在很大区别,要让《共产党宣言》能够顺利进入中文语境并被传播和接受,里面的重要术语的翻译就必须中国化。本文以"幽灵""共产主义""社会主义""资产阶级""无产阶级""阶级斗争"等为例,探讨了这些重要术语的起源、在英译本尤其是日译本中的演变,重点研究了多位中译者在促使其中国化方面的巨大贡献。本研究对准确把握马克思主义重要术语的精髓、中国化的历程,进而推动中国当代马克思主义重要术语走向世界具有借鉴意义。

The early Chinese versions of MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY were translated from the Japanese versions with reference to the English ones.That is to say,many of its key terms have been translated from German to English,then to Japanese,and finally to Chinese.This paper explores the origins of those terms and their translations both in English and Japanese,and then focuses on their sinicization made by Chinese translators.This study is of great significance in reflecting the historical evolution of important Marxist terms as well as promoting contemporary Chinese Marxist terms to the world.