轨道交通可达性时空演化及对公交可达的影响--以湖南省长沙市为例

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Rail Accessibility and Its Impact on Public Transit Accessibility--Taking Changsha City as An Example

基于长沙市常规公交网络系统,以该市轨道交通网络(包括长沙地铁1号线、长沙地铁2号线以及长沙磁悬浮快线)为研究对象,通过Space L网络方法构建公共交通数据库,结合OD矩阵路径分析计算站点间的可达性,对交通站点服务范围的变化情况进行分析,从而对该市2014—2016年轨道交通可达性的时空演化及其对公交可达的影响进行研究.结果表明,2014—2016年,长沙市轨道交通站点服务范围扩大为77.75 km^(2),服务范围增长率为91.31%;轨道交通开通前整体平均距离为17.2站,开通后为16.3站,轨道交通各站点到其他任意站点的平均距离也从14.6站减少至12.4站;在中心城区,轨道交通将常规公交可达性从1 h改善为40 min,但由于还未形成网络,服务范围尚未有显著扩展;加入轨道交通后,城市公共交通系统的可达性提高了15%,大大缩短了人们的日常出行时间,城市的交通阻塞等问题也得到了一定改善.

By taking Changsha’s rail transit network(including Changsha Metro Line 1,Changsha Metro Line 2 and Changsha Maglev Express Line)as research subject,building a public transport database through the Space L network approach,calculating inter-site accessibility in conjunction with OD matrix path analysis,and analyzing the changes in the scope of services at transport stops on the basis of Changsha’s conventional bus network system,the article studied the spatial and temporal evolution of rail accessibility in Changsha City and its impact on public transit accessibility in 2014 to 2016.The results show that the service scope of rail transit stations in Changsha City has been expanded to 77.75 km^(2),with the growth rate of 91.31%from 2014 to 2016;Theoverall average distance between rail transit stations before and after opening is 17.2 stations and 16.3 stations respectively.The average distance between each individual rail transit stations and any other stations is also reduced from 14.6 stations to 12.4 stations;In the central city area,rail transit has improved regular bus accessibility from 1 hour to 40 minutes,but service coverage has not yet been significantly expanded because the network has not yet been formed.The accessibility of the city’s public transportation system has increased by 15%after the addition of rail transit,greatly shortening people’s daily travel time and improving the city’s traffic congestion.