脊髓灰质炎疫苗的研究进展

Progress in research on poliovirus vaccine

使用脊髓灰质炎口服减毒活疫苗(oral poliomyelitis vaccine,OPV)和灭活疫苗(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine,IPV)的全球疫苗接种计划显著降低了脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)的发病率,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)已宣布根除Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型脊灰野病毒。但在根除脊灰的最后阶段和之后的无脊灰世界中,这些疫苗或其生产构成了重大风险。鉴于此,国内外学者针对新型安全有效的脊灰疫苗进行了研究。本文对脊灰疫苗的应用现状及研究进展作一综述,旨在为研发新型疫苗及接种策略提供参考。

The global vaccination plan using oral live attenuated poliovirus vaccine(OPV)and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine(IPV)has significantly reduced the incidence of polio.The World Health Organization has announced the eradication of typesⅡandⅢwild polioviruses.However,in the end stage of polio eradication and in the polio-free world afterwards,these vaccines or their production pose a major risk.In view of this,domestic and foreign scholars have conducted research on new,safe and effective polio vaccines.This article reviews the application status and research progress of polio vaccines,and aims to provide references for the development of new vaccines and vaccination strategies.