某市公务员颈动脉病变及其影响因素分析

Carotid artery disease prevalence and its associated factors among civil servants

背景公务员久坐、生活不规律且活动量少,易产生很多健康问题。目的分析某市公务员人群颈动脉血管改变的发生率和相关因素,为心脑血管早期预防、干预提供基础数据。方法以河北省辛集市2019年4 726名公务员健康体检数据为基础,分析研究颈动脉血管异常的影响因素。颈动脉血管异常(包括颈动脉内-中膜增厚、斑块、硬化或阻塞)由颈动脉彩色超声多普勒诊断。结果共计纳入4 726人,男性2 149人,女性2 577人,中位年龄43(22~59)岁。检出颈动脉血管异常2 645人,检出率55.97%。其中颈动脉血管中膜增厚/斑块形成1 651人,检出率34.93%;动脉硬化694人,检出率14.68%;动脉阻塞300人,检出率6.35%。Logistic回归分析显示,颈动脉血管异常与年龄>45岁(OR:1.600;95%CI:1.231~2.080)、体质量指数高(OR:1.298;95%CI:1.132~1.489)、舒张压高(OR:1.933;95%CI:1.623~2.302)、血糖高(OR:2.981;95%CI:2.295~3.872)、高密度脂蛋白偏低(OR:27.774;95%CI:10.226~75.433)、低密度脂蛋白偏高(OR:1.524;95%CI:1.315~1.766)、同型半胱氨酸异常(OR:2.178;95%CI:1.857~2.554)相关。结论本组人群颈动脉血管异常与年龄、体质量指数、舒张压、血糖、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和同型半胱氨酸异常有关。

Background Civil servants are busy, sedentary with irregular or less physical activity, thus resulting in many health problems. Objective To analyze the related factors of carotid vascular changes in civil servants in a city, and provide references for early prevention and intervention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for civil servant. Methods Based on the physical examination data of 4 726 civil servants in Xinji City, Hebei Province in 2019, the influencing factors of carotid vascular abnormalities were studied by logistic regression analysis. Carotid vascular abnormalities(including carotid intima-media thickening, plaque, sclerosis or obstruction) were diagnosed by carotid color Doppler ultrasound. Results Of the 4 726 cases, there were 2 149 males and 2 577 females with the median age of 43(ranging from 22 to 59) years. There were 2 645 cases with carotid vascular abnormalities with the detection rate of 55.97%, 1 651(34.93%) cases had carotid intima thickening/plaque formation, 694(14.68%) cases had arteriosclerosis, and 300(6.35%) cases had arterial obstruction. Logistic regression analysis showed that carotid vascular abnormalities were associated with age over 45 years old(OR: 1.600;95% CI: 1.231-2.080), BMI shown over-weight(OR:1.298;95% CI: 1.132-1.489), high diastolic blood pressure(OR: 1.933;95% CI: 1.623-2.302), hyperglycemia(OR: 2.981;95% CI:2.295-3.872), lower HDL(OR: 27.774;95% CI: 10.226-75.433), higher LDL(OR: 1.524;95% CI: 1.315-1.766), and abnormal homocysteine(OR: 2.178;95% CI: 1.857-2.554). Conclusion The abnormality of carotid artery in this group is related to age, the abnormality of BMI, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and homocysteine.