夏、商和西周时期“东厨制度”探研

Research on the"Eastern Kitchen System"in Xia,Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties

像灶类与庖厨相关的遗存,一直都是发掘者关注的重点。本文通过梳理三代时期大型宫殿建筑和普通居址中庖厨类遗存,发现夏、商和西周时期大型宫殿建筑群中已有专门的庖厨类设施,普通居址中少见,且庖厨类遗存均位于主体建筑的东侧或东南侧,故称"东房"或"东厨"。三代时期,将庖厨类建筑设于主体建筑之东已成为规制,故称"东厨制度"。其实东周之后,尤其秦汉以降,直至明清时期,不仅宫殿建筑群沿用此制,普通民居亦以东厨居多。

The remains related to cooking like stoves have always been the focus of the excavators.By combing the remains of kitchen at the large-scale palace buildings and the ordinary residences in the Xia,Shang and Zhou dynasties,this paper finds that there are special kitchen facilities in the large-scale palace buildings in the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou dynasties,which are rare in the ordinary residences,and the kitchen remains are located in the east or southeast of the main building,so it is called "Dongfang" or "Dongchu".During the Xia,Shang and Zhou dynasties,it has become a rule to set the kitchen building in the east of the main building,so it is called "East kitchen system".In fact,after the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,especially since the Qin and Han Dynasties,and until the Ming and Qing Dynasties,this system was used not only in palace buildings,but also in ordinary dwellings.