早期城市化进程中石器工业的初步考察--以郑州西山仰韶文化城址出土石器为例

A Preliminary Study of Stone Industry in the Process of Early Urbanization-Taking the Stone Tools Unearthed at the Site of Yangshao Culture in Xishan,Zhengzhou as an Example

郑州西山城址是已知中原地区最早的史前城址,对于探讨区域早期城市起源和社会复杂化具有重要意义。本文通过石器类型与其聚落空间的考察,初步探讨了西山石器手工业面貌,从而大体揭示了城市起源阶段西山聚落的社会发展状况。已知西山城址的石器以日常生活、生产用具为主,并未出现集中化生产的现象。不同类别的石器有着相对明确的原料选择倾向,这与石器的功能息息相关。其中,小型日常生活生产用具可以在城内制作,大型石器则应是在石料产地制作成形后带入聚落内。西山城址生活居住空间少见礼制性石器,而墓葬出土石器则主要代表了性别分工,石器在反映社会等级分化上作用较为有限。其城垣和环壕区分不同人群社会身份的功能并不太明显。

Xishas site was important to understand the origi of the Chinese ancieit cities and social complexity.Through investigating both the typology and spatial distribution of the lithic arcifacts,it is shown that the lithic artifacts found at Xishan were mainly used for daily life.Determined by functions,differect types of the tools were closely related to the stone resources.Meanwhile,it seems that these artifacts were not produced in centralization.The smaller lithic products used for daily life could be made within the settlement,while the larger ones were produced and transported from outside.Ritual stone artifacts connected with social hierarchy were rare in the residences area and the stone artifacts found in the burials represented the gender division of labor.The lithic artifacts had a limited role in reflecting social class differertiation.The development of the enclosure and moat of the settlement were more likely connected with the population boom rather than the social hierarchy.