试论郑州地区仰韶文化中晚期的石刀类型与技术特征

Discussion on the Types and Technical Characteristics of Stone Knives in the Middle and Late Stage of Yangshao Culture in Zhengzhou Area

本文将郑州地区仰韶文化中晚期考古出土的石刀分为甲、乙、丙三类,并对其演进趋势、生产技术及二者之间的关系进行了考察。仰韶晚期以乙、丙类石刀为主向龙山时期以丙类石刀为主的阶段化转变得到了更清楚的勾勒,细化了郑州地区石刀的谱系研究,各类石刀生产技术的差异也得到了揭示。值得注意的是,仰韶中晚期石刀形态设计的规整程度、加工技术的选择倾向及类型演进的主导趋势等方面都体现出由乙类向丙类的渐变特点,这种类型、技术与演进的正向关联体现出先民在仰韶中晚期农业、社会发展进程中对石刀这一主要割刈工具的综合认知与相互作用。

This paper divides the stone knives of middle and late Yangshao Period in Zhengzhou City into Three categories:Jia,Yi and Bing,and investigates the evolution trend,production technology and the relationship between them.The stage transformation from the late jangshao Period dominated by Class Yi and Class Bing stone knives to the Longshan Period dominated by Class Bing stone knives has been more clearly delineated,and the genealogy research of stone knives in Zhengzhou City has been detailed.The diftereiices of various stone knives production technologies have also been revealed.It is worth noting that Class Yi and Class Bing stone knives are character1 zed by gradual change from Class Yi and Class Bing in terms of the regularity degree of shape design,the selection tendency of processing technology and the dominant trend of type evolution.The positive correlation of this type,technology and evolution reflects the comprehensive cognition and interaction of ancient people on stone knife,the main cutting tool,in the process of agriculture and social development in the middle and late Yangshao period.