煤化工含油废弃物处置技术研究进展及开发应用

Research progress and development application of treatment technology of oil-containing wastes in coal chemical industry

简述了煤化工产业中含油废弃物的来源、特征及其危害,综述了目前含油废弃物的处理技术及研究现状。结果表明:采用常规的燃烧、热解、制取衍生炭材料、溶剂萃取分离、气浮法、破乳技术和生化法等处理技术存在二次污染、能耗高、处理工艺冗长、成本高、技术不成熟等问题。开发了通过多元料浆气化实现含油废弃物污染消减和资源化利用技术,介绍了该技术的工艺流程、技术特点及工业应用情况,应用实践表明,将含油废弃物制取气化料浆或将其直接通入气化炉气化制合成气,可以实现含油废弃物的资源化、清洁化、无害化利用。

The sources,characteristics and hazards of oil-containing wastes in coal chemical industry were briefly described and their current treatment technologies and research status were reviewed.The results showed that the use of conventional treatment technologies,such as combustion,pyrolysis,preparation of derived carbon materials,solvent extraction and separation,air flotation,demulsification technology,and biochemical process,had the problems of secondary pollution,high energy consumption,long treatment process,high cost,and immature technology.The technology of pollution reduction and resource utilization of oil-containing wastes by multi-component slurry was developed,and its process flow,technical characteristics and industrial application were introduced.The practical application showed that gasification slurry preparation from oil-containing wastes or directly injecting them into gasifier for syngas generation could realize the harmless resource utilization and cleaning of oil-containing wastes.