基于五大排名分析的我国世界一流大学建设:进展、成效与不足

The construction of world-class universities in China based on five rankings: progress, achievements and deficiencies

以ARWU、QS、THE、US News、RCCSE五大世界大学排行榜数据为基础,对我国42所世界一流大学建设院校2016年以来的建设进展、成效与不足进行分析发现:北京大学、清华大学是我国世界一流大学建设的领头羊,上海交通大学等4所大学是主力军,南京大学等28所大学是生力军,中国人民大学等6所大学是后备军;6年来,我国世界一流大学数量逐年增加,排名位次显著提升,排名稳定性明显增强,但42所大学的分布主要集中在世界101-500名区间,位列世界前100名区间的大学数量偏少,暂无世界排名前10名的大学,个别大学排名十分靠后。通过排行榜指标的分析,我国大学在社会服务方面表现突出,但在人才培养、科学研究和国际化方面有差距。未来,要扎根中国大地,提高国际化水平,建设体现中国特色、世界水平和人类情怀的世界一流大学;要根据各建设院校的排名表现分层分类加强领头羊、主力军、生力军、后备军的建设;进一步落实准入制和淘汰制,启动新一轮世界一流大学的建设。

Based on the data from ARWU, QS, THE, US News and RCCSE, this paper analyzes the construction progress, achievements and deficiencies of 42 world-class universities in China since 2016. It is found that Peking University and Tsinghua University are taking the lead in constructing world-class universities in China. Four universities, including Shanghai Jiao Tong University, are the main force. Twenty-eight universities, including Nanjing University, are the new force, and six universities, including Renmin University of China, are the reserve force. In the past 6 years, the number of world-class universities in China has been increasing year by year, the rankings have been significantly improved, and the stability of the rankings has been significantly enhanced. However, the rankings of the 42 universities mainly fluctuate between 101-500 in the world, and the number of universities in the global top 100 is relatively small. There are no universities listed in global top 10, and several universities are ranked very low. According to analysis of the indicators, Chinese universities perform well in social service, but lag behind in talent cultivation, scientific research and internationalization. In the future, it is necessary to build world-class universities with Chinese characteristics by vigorously promoting internationalization based on the existing foundation and taking root in China. According to the ranking performance of each construction university, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of universities through classsification system, i.e., the leading, the main force, the new force and the reserve force. It is necessary to further implement the admission and elimination systems and launch a new round of construction of world-class universities.