不同运动剂量干预对衰弱老年人健康状况的影响

Effect of different dosage of physical activities in the frail elderly

目的探讨不同运动剂量干预对衰弱老年人肌力、体适能及睡眠状况的效果。方法招募符合纳入标准的衰弱老年人88例,随机将其分为对照组、小量中强度组、小量大强度组和大量大强度组,每组22例。对照组无任何针对性身体训练干预,3个干预组按设计方案进行相应的运动量和强度的下肢抗阻运动。分别在干预前、干预12周后评估老年人的下肢肌力、体适能及睡眠状况。结果对照组干预前后下肢肌力、体适能及睡眠状况差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);小量中强度组、小量大强度组和大量大强度组干预前后各指标均有改善(P<0.05或P<0.01)。小量大强度组和大量大强度组的下肢肌力、6 min步行距离、30 s坐站次数、总睡眠时间均明显优于小量中强度组(P<0.01)。结论抗阻运动可以有效改善衰弱老年人的肌力、体适能和睡眠状况,运动量和运动强度都有利于衰弱老年人肌力、体适能、睡眠指标的改善,但是强度是影响上述健康指标的主要因素。

Objective To explore the effect of different dosage of physical activities on muscle strength,physical fitness and sleep quality of the frail elderly.Methods A total of 88 frail elderly meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled and randomly divided into control group,small-amount and medium-intensity group,small-amount and high-intensity group,large-amount and high-intensity group,with 22 elderly in each group.The control group did not have any targeted physical training.The three intervention groups practiced resistance exercise of lower limbs with the corresponding amount and intensity of physical exercise according to the scheme.The muscle strength of lower limb,physical fitness and sleep status of the frail elderly were evaluated before and 12 weeks after the intervention.Results There were no significant differences in the muscle strength of lower limb,physical fitness and sleep status before and after the intervention in the control group(P>0.05);Compared with those before intervention,the above indexes in the other three exercise groups were improved significantly after the intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with small-amount and medium-intensity group,the muscle strength of lower limbs,6-minute walking distance,30-second sit-to-stand test and total sleep time in small-amount and high-intensity group,large-amount and high-intensity group were significantly improved(P<0.01).Conclusions Resistance exercise can effectively improve the muscle strength,physical fitness and sleep of the frail elderly.The amount and intensity of physical activity are conducive to the improvement of muscle strength,physical fitness and sleep status in the frail elderly,but the intensity of physical activity is the main factor influencing the above health indicators.