CRISPR/dCas9技术在基因表达调控中的研究进展

Research Progress of CRISPR/dCas9 Technology in Gene Expression Regulation

CRISPR/dCas9是在CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统的基础上改造升级建立起的一种用于调控基因组转录与表观遗传修饰的系统,它不仅继承了CRISPR/Cas9系统的精准性,同时还展现出了良好的作用效果。在该系统中dCas9蛋白保留了Cas9蛋白结合DNA的能力而切割功能不复存在。将dCas9蛋白与不同的激活、抑制效应子域和表观遗传调控酶偶联,可以对基因表达与表观遗传修饰进行精确调控。组蛋白乙酰化、组蛋白甲基化、DNA甲基化等表观遗传修饰过程是基因表达的基础,对整个生命过程作出了巨大的贡献,同时表观遗传与多种疾病和癌症都存在因果关系,因此以CRISPR/dCas9系统为框架的不同表观遗传修饰系统在人类疾病治疗和癌症研究领域具有重要的研究价值。笔者简要介绍了CRISPR/Cas9系统的发现过程以及作用原理,主要总结了以CRISPR/dCas9系统为框架的不同调控系统在基因表达调控和表观遗传调控中的应用以及优化过程,以期为从事相关领域的科研工作者提供一些参考。

CRISPR/dCas9 is a system for regulating genome transcription and epigenetic modification based on the transformation and upgrading of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system.It not only inherits the target accuracy of the CRISPR/Cas9 system,at the same time,it also showed a good effect.In this system,the dCas9 protein retains the ability of the Cas9 protein to bind DNA and the cleavage function no longer exists.Coupling dCas9 protein with different activation and inhibitory effector domains and epigenetic regulation enzymes makes it possible to precisely regulate gene expression and epigenetic modification.Epigenetic modification processes such as histone acetylation,histone methylation and DNA methylation are the basis of gene expression and have made a huge contribution to the entire life process.At the same time,epigenetics is causally related to many diseases and cancers.Different epigenetic modification systems based on the CRISPR/dCas9 system have unlimited future and research value in the field of human disease treatment and cancer research.Therefore,this article briefly introduces the discovery process and the principle of action of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.It mainly summarizes the application and optimization process of different regulatory systems based on the CRISPR/dCas9 system in the regulation of gene expression and epigenetic regulation.It hopes to provide some references for scientific research workers engaged in related fields.