植物多糖对动物肠道的保护作用及其分子机制

Protective Effects of Plant Polysaccharides on Animal Intestine and Its Molecular Mechanism

肠道是营养物质消化吸收的主要部位,但易受外界环境刺激引起病理变化。动物肠道疾病的多发严重影响着动物的生长发育过程,增加动物的饲养成本,对养殖业的经济效益造成巨大冲击。虽然抗生素是缓解肠道疾病发生发展的有效策略,但因其耐药性以及药物残留等问题让人们不得不开发新的环境友好型替代产品。植物多糖广泛存在于自然界的植物中,具有高效、无毒副作用、无残留等特点。植物多糖作为绿色饲料添加剂,在保护动物肠道健康、提高动物生长性能方面发挥重要作用,其主要通过调控核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappaB,NF-κB)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)、Janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子(Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,JAK/STAT)、转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/Akt)等信号通路来充分发挥肠道各屏障的生理功能以及加强各屏障之间的相互联系,预防动物肠道疾病发生,调节肠道炎症水平,维持肠道微生物区系平衡,提升机体抗氧化能力,增强动物机体免疫性能,进而在一定程度上改善畜产品品质,提升动物创造的经济价值。作者综述了植物多糖对动物肠道的保护作用及其分子机制,并阐述了其在动物生产实践中的应用及取得的效果,旨在为植物多糖在动物生产中的应用提供参考。

The intestinal tract is the main part of digestion and absorption of nutrients,but it is easy to be stimulated by the external environment to cause pathological changes.The frequent occurrence of animal intestinal diseases seriously affects the growth and development process of animals,increases the feeding cost of animals,and has a huge impact on the economic benefits of breeding industry.Although antibiotics are an effective strategy to alleviate the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases,people have to develop new environment-friendly treatments because of their drug resistance and drug residues.Plant polysaccharides widely exist in plants in nature,and have the characteristics of high efficiency,non-toxic side effects and no residue.As a green feed additive,plant polysaccharides can prevent intestinal diseases and improve animal production performance.It is mainly through the regulation of nuclear factor-κB(nuclear factor kappaB,NF-κB),mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK),Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)and other signaling pathways to give full play to the physiological function of intestinal barrier,strengthen the interaction between various barriers,prevent animal intestinal diseases,regulate the level of intestinal inflammation,maintain the balance of intestinal microflora,enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity and the immune function of animal body,and then,improve the quality of animal products to a certain extent,enhance the economic value created by animals.In this paper,the authors summarize the protective effects of plant polysaccharides on animal intestine and its molecular mechanism and expound its application and effect in animal production,in order to provide reference for the application of plant polysaccharides in animal production.