论白居易寓直诗中的非朝事情感及其成因

On the Sense of Criticism and Its Causes in Bai Juyi’s Yuzhi Poem

寓直是白居易在朝廷任职期间的重要朝事活动,他在元和初年和长庆初年,都曾以草诏的职使寓直,但在他的寓直诗中,却表现出了强烈的非朝事情感。元和初年以左拾遗充翰林学士,正值翰林学士以殊职向普职转化的时期,白居易的寓直也没有殊遇之感,因而其寓直诗中有一种强烈的求闲养拙的情怀。长庆初年,他以考功员外郎知制诰,后任中书舍人,在仕途走向平顺时,他又生发了强烈的病衰心理,知足保和意识成了他此时寓直诗的主要情感特征。白居易的寓直活动,虽然官阶品级不同,政治环境不同,但都有明显的非朝事情感,这也构成了他政治心态的鲜明特色。

Yuzhi which means officals being on duty in other governments in ancient China,was an important activity of Bai Juyi during his tenure.During the early years of Yuanhe and Changqing periods,he experienced Yuzhi because he served as an envoy by drafting imperial edicts.But in his Yuzhi poem,he showed a strong sense of criticism.In the early years of Yuanhe,he got promoted from Zuoshiyi to the Hanlin Bachelor,but his Yuzhi poem had no special feelings,but a strong desire to seek leisure and remain idle.In the early years of Changqing,when he was appointed as the Secretary of Zhongshu,he had a strong mentality of sickness and weakness,and the consciousness of contentment and peace became the main emotional feature of his Yuzhi poem.Although the official ranks and political environments are different,the activities of Bai Juyi’s Yuzhi have obvious senses of criticism,which also constitute the distinctive characteristics of his political mentality.