基于无人机低空航摄的典型地质灾害识别研究——以滑坡、泥石流、崩塌为例

Identification of Typical Geological Hazards Based on Low Altitude Aerial Photography by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles:Taking Landslide,Debris Flow and Collapse as Examples

高精度无人机遥感技术能够快速获取高分辨率、高精度地表影像数据,通过内业处理的航拍数据,快速生成三维可视化数据,利用大比例尺正射影像、数字高程模型、立体模型等,再通过解译航拍影像图,辅以现场验证,建立地质灾害体快速识别的标志及影像特征,探索一套适合山区崩滑流地质灾害体的地质灾害快速识别的完整技术流程。实际应用结果表明,无人机低空航摄处理技术能够定性与定量分析山区地质灾害的类型、范围、损失及灾害,实现了山区典型地质灾害(滑坡、泥石流和崩塌)的快速、全天候、无盲区识别,为突发性地质灾害防治工作提供实践参考。

High-precision unmanned aerial vehicle( UAV) remote sensing can quickly acquire high-resolution and high-precision surface image data. Through aerial photography data processed in the industry,it can quickly generatethree-dimensional visualization data,such as large-scale orthographic images,digital elevation models,stereo models,etc. Then through interpretation of aerial photography image maps,supplemented by on-site verification,it can establish signs and image characteristics for rapid identification of geological disasters,and explore a set of complete technical process for rapid identification of geolo-gical disasters suitable for mountain landslide and landslide geological disasters. Practical application results show that the unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude aerial photography processing technology can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the types,scope,losses and disasters of geological disasters in mountain areas,realize rapid,all-weather and blind zone identification of typical geological disasters( landslide,debris flow and collapse) in mountain areas,and provide feasible methods and practical references for the prevention and control of sudden geological disasters in our province.