北京社区厨余垃圾分类收集成效调研及未来路径探讨

Investigation on Actual Effect of Kitchen Waste Classified Collection and Discussion of Future Pathways in the Communities of Beijing

本文针对北京市垃圾分类最大痛点和难点的厨余垃圾分类收集成效进行了调查,剖析了分类过程中存在的主要问题,并对制约分出率和分类合格率的经济、环境和社会因素进行解析。结果表明,目前公众对垃圾分类的支持率为100%,但厨余垃圾分出率和分类合格率分别为40%和84.1%,主要原因是厨余垃圾分类投放环境差、居民主动分类意识欠缺和社区监督指导不到位。厨余垃圾要求破袋投放环境差是导致厨余垃圾分类效果差的主要原因,居民希望通过发放可降解垃圾袋、投放全封闭除臭味的厨余垃圾桶或集中破袋等方式改善厨余垃圾的投放环境。未来出路应从提升居民分类意识和知识水平、提升分类收集设施水平、发挥社区引导三方面突破。

In view of the biggest pain point and difficulty of garbage classification in Beijing,this paper investigates the collection effect of kitchen waste classification,analyzes the main problems existing in the classification process,and analyzes the economic,environmental and social factors that restrict the sorting rate and the qualified rate of classification.The results show that at present,the public support rate for garbage classification is 100%,but the separation rate and qualified rate of kitchen waste are 40%and 84.1%respectively,which are mainly due to the poor environment for sorting kitchen waste,lack of residents'awareness of active classification and inadequate community supervision and guidance.Poor disposal environment of kitchen waste requiring broken bags is the main reason for poor classification effect of kitchen waste.Residents hope to improve disposal environment of kitchen waste by distributing degradable garbage bags,fully enclosed garbage bins with odor removal or centralized broken bags.The way out in the future should be to improve residents'awareness and knowledge level of classification,improve the level of classified collection facilities and give full play to community guidance.