表面活性剂对石油污染土壤生物修复的影响研究

Effect of Surfactant on Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil

表面活性剂有亲水亲油基团,易被吸附、定向排列于物质表面,具有湿润、增溶、分散等实际应用意义。在石油开采过程中,石油污染导致土壤的理化性质改变,微生物的生存环境恶化,土壤活性降低等问题。为研究表面活性剂对石油污染土壤生物修复的影响,本实验利用不同种类表面活性剂(鼠李糖脂、β-环糊精、聚氧乙烯醚(Tween 80)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS))在同一石油降解菌条件下,通过比较实验前后期的含油量,计算出降解效率。通过比较不同表面活性剂对石油降解的作用,1.7%SDS对石油含量为3%的土壤石油烃微生物降解强化效果最好;0.76%鼠李糖脂对石油含量5%的土壤石油烃微生物降解强化效果最好;0.38%的鼠李糖脂对石油含量7%的土壤石油烃微生物降解强化效果最好;3.2%β环糊精对石油含量9%的土壤石油烃微生物降解强化效果最好。

Surfactants have hydrophilic oil-philic groups,which is easy to be adsorbed,directional arrangement on the surface of the material,so it has many practical applications on wetting,solubilizing,dispersing.In the process of oil exploitation,oil pollution can change the physical and chemical properties of soil,deteriorate the living environment of microorganism,and reduce the activity of soil.In order to study the effect of surfactants on the bioreremediation of oil-contaminated soil,different surfactants(rhamnol,β-cyclodextrin,Tween 80,SDS)were used in the experiment under the same oil-degrading bacteria condition,and the degradation efficiency was calculated by comparing the oil content before and after the experiment.By comparing the effects of different surfactants on the degradation of oil,1.7%SDS had the best degradation effect on the soil containing 3%oil,and 0.76%rhamnolide had the best degradation effect on the soil containing 5%oil.0.38%rhamnolipid had the best degradation effect on soil containing 7%petroleum.3.2%β-cyclodextrin had the best degradation effect on soil containing 9%petroleum.