基于政策工具的短缺药供应保障机制的推进与优化研究

Research on the advancement and optimization of the shortage drug supply guarantee mechanisms based on policy tools

目的:对短缺药供应保障机制的相关政策文本进行分析,探究政府在推进短缺药供应保障机制过程中的侧重点与存在问题,提出优化短缺药供应保障机制的建议。方法:对83份与短缺药供应保障机制相关的政策文件进行整理,对政策文本内容进行词频分析,并运用政策工具进行文本量化分析。结果:在短缺药供应保障机制5类政策工具中,命令与规制型政策工具应用最多,其占比过半(55.26%),激励型政策工具占比较少(6.58%),能力建设型政策工具相对较低(13.42%),权威型政策工具中的质量监管政策方面占比极低(3.42%)。在政策工具强度量化分析中,监测机制强度指数最高,为0.154;管制放松强度指数最低,仅为0.012。结论:有效利用激励型政策工具,保障生产商的药品供应;重视能力建设型政策工具,提高解决药品短缺问题效率;加强权威型政策工具应用,全面提升短缺药质量。

Objective:To analyze the relevant policy texts of the shortage drug supply guarantee mechanisms,explore the emphasizing aspects and existing problems of the government in advancing the shortage drug supply guarantee mechanisms,and put forward suggestions to optimize the shortage drug supply guarantee mechanisms.Methods:A total of 83 policy documents related to the shortage drug supply guarantee mechanisms were organized.Word frequency analysis was conducted on the policy texts of these policies,and quantitative analysis were conducted on the policy texts using policy tools.Results:Among the five kinds of policy tools used in the shortage drug supply guarantee mechanisms,commanding and regulating policy tools were used predominantly,accounting for more than half(55.26%).Meanwhile,incentive policy tools accounted for much less(6.58%),capacity-building policy tools relatively low(13.42%),and quality supervision policies in the authoritative policy tools extremely low(3.42%).In the quantitative analysis on the intensity of policy tools,the intensity index of the monitoring mechanism was found to be the highest(0.154),while that of deregulation the lowest(0.012).Conclusions:Incentive policy tools should be effectively used to ensure drug supply from manufacturers;importance of capacity-building policy tools should be emphasized to improve the efficiency of solving the drug shortage problem;the application of authoritative policy tools should be increased to improve the overall quality of shortage drugs.