播期和种植密度对油葵生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Growth,Development and Yield of Oil Sunflower

研究播期和种植密度对油葵生长发育及产量的影响,可以为油葵优质高产栽培时播期和密度的选择提供科学依据。以油用型向日葵YK18-1为试材,采用二因素(播期、种植密度)裂区试验设计,其中播期(主因素)设5月15日、5月30日、6月14日和7月1日4个水平,种植密度(副因素)设8.3万、6.7万、5.6万、4.8万、4.2万和3.7万株/hm^(2)计6个水平,在行距60 cm条件下研究了不同播期和密度处理对向日葵生育性状、品质和产量的影响。结果表明:播期推迟会导致向日葵各生育期均缩短,其中出苗到开花阶段历经时间受播期影响较大,开花到成熟阶段历经时间受播期影响较小。播期对籽仁粗脂肪含量、结实率、单盘粒重和产量具有极显著影响;种植密度对籽仁率具有极显著影响;播期×种植密度对油葵品质和产量指标影响均不显著。不同的播期与种植密度组合除百粒重差异不显著外,其他指标均存在显著差异,但各指标达到最高值的播期与种植密度组合不同。综合油葵品质和产量指标分析认为,播期5月30日、种植密度8.3万株/hm^(2)组合效果最好。该处理下,产量最高,达到1888.89 kg/hm^(2),籽仁粗脂肪含量为59.54%。

The study on the effects of sowing date and planting density on the growth,development and yield of oil sunflower can provide a scientific basis for the selection of sowing date and density in high-quality and high-yield cultivation of oil sunflower.Taking oil sunflower YK 18-1 as the test material,the split plot experi-mental design of two factors(sowing date and planting density)was adopted,in which the sowing date(main factor)was set at four levels:May 15th,May 30th,June 14th and July 1st,the planting density(side factors)was set at 83000,67000,56000,48000,42000 and 37000 plants/hm^(2),and the effects of different sowing dates and planting densities on the growth characters,quality and yield of oil sunflower under the condition of row spacing of 60 cm.The results showed that the delay of sowing date would shorten each growth period of oil sunflower,in which the time from emergence to flowering was greatly affected by sowing date,and the time from flowering to maturity was less affected by sowing date.Sowing date had a significant effect on crude fat content,seed setting rate,grain weight per disc and yield.Planting density had a significant effect on seed kernel rate.Sowing date×planting density had no significant effect on the quality and yield of oil sunflower.There were significant differences in other indexes except 100 grain weight in different combinations of sowing date and planting density,but the combination of sowing date and planting density with the highest value of each index was different.The comprehensive analysis of quality and yield indexes of oil sunflower showed that the combination of sowing date on May 30th and planting density of 83000 plants/hm^(2)had the best effect.Under this treatment,the yield was the highest,up to 1888.89 kg/hm^(2),and the crude fat con-tent of seed kernel was 59.54%.